DRPSHP

Scientific Reference

KLOW Stack

Evidence profile: Component evidence only — this formulation has not itself been studied

KLOW is a single preparation made of four separately studied peptides: the three in GLOW (GHK-Cu, TB-500 and BPC-157) with KPV added. KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The other three are, in turn, a copper-bound tripeptide first isolated from human plasma, the synthetic seven-residue thymosin beta-4 fragment Ac-LKKTETQ, and a 15-residue synthetic peptide derived from a sequence in a gastric juice protein. Cell culture and animal models make up nearly all of the work on each component. No published study has put the four together, and information about their chemical stability in a mixture is lacking, so the blend has no literature of its own.

Mechanism of Action

No mechanism is described for the four-part blend, only separate observations on the parts, made in separate models. GHK-Cu is a high-affinity copper complex that has been examined in fibroblast culture. TB-500 copies the central actin-binding motif of thymosin beta-4, a protein that sequesters monomeric actin. BPC-157 has been studied in rodents for nitric oxide and VEGF receptor signalling without a settled target. KPV has been reported in cell lines to lower NF-kB activation, possibly after uptake through the PepT1 transporter. Whether these peptides interact chemically or biologically in combination has not been asked, so no joint action can be described.

Molecular Information

  • Type: Four-peptide blend

Published Research

  • RGN-259 neurotrophic keratopathy phase III

    0.1% RGN-259 (Thymosin ß4) Ophthalmic Solution Promotes Healing and Improves Comfort in Neurotrophic Keratopathy Patients in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Phase III Clinical Trial

    Sosne G et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 36613994 — View on PubMed

  • The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers

    Guarnera G et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536470 — View on PubMed

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers

    Ruff D et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010 · Clinical · Evidence for TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

    PMID 20536472 — View on PubMed

  • Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on CO2 laser-resurfaced skin

    Miller TR et al. · Archives of facial plastic surgery · 2006 · Clinical · Evidence for GHK-Cu

    PMID 16847171 — View on PubMed

  • A prospective randomized evaluator-blinded trial of two potential wound healing agents for the treatment of venous stasis ulcers

    Bishop JB et al. · Journal of vascular surgery · 1992 · Clinical · Evidence for GHK-Cu

    PMID 1495150 — View on PubMed

  • Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians

    Mayfield CK et al. · The American journal of sports medicine · 2026 · Review · Evidence for BPC-157

    PMID 41476424 — View on PubMed